20 独立主格的两种形式是否可以相互转化

1. “n+不定式“With+n+不定式

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

是否可以改成:Here are the first two volumes, with the third one to come out next month.

With plenty of homework to do/to be done, Tom will have to stay up tonight.

是否可以改成:Plenty of homework to do/to be done, Tom will have to stay up tonight.

2. “n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”“with+ n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

是否可以改成:With weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

是否可以改成:With the president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

With the guide leading us, we got to the village.

是否可以改成:The guide leading us, we got to the village.

He stood there, with his hand raised.

是否可以改成:He stood there, his hand raised.

The boy was crying with the vase broken.

是否可以改成:The boy was cryingthe vase broken.

3.“n+adj/adv/介词短语“with+ n+adj/adv/介词短语

She came into the room, her ears red with cold.

是否可以改成:She came into the room, with her ears red with cold.

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

是否可以改成:He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.

With the door open, he left the classroom.

是否可以改成:The door open, he left the classroom.

With the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

是否可以改成:the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

The boy rushed into the room with his schoolbag in his hand.

是否可以改成:The boy rushed into the roomhis schoolbag in his hand.

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4 个回答

好题  
擅长:英语

应该是可以的。语料库有类似用法的例句,另外,《薄冰高级英语语法》p 482页,也有相关解释:

attachments-2022-10-ofdx20DV634341a1abe9c.png

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alex119   - 工程师
擅长:英语

时间有限,只说说你提的第一个问题,即不定式的独立主格结构的特点。这种结构在当代很少见,主要见于小说文体中,一般置于句尾,仅仅表示的是将来的意义(接着主句的动作发生)。


1.They hold monthly concerts, the money to be devoted to charity.


2.Books borrowed must be returned when due, the defaulter to pay a fine of 5 cents per book per day.


3.Mrs. Roden went to Poland yesterday, her husband to join her next week.


4.The caul was put up in a raffle, the winner to pay five shillings.— Dickens写过这样的句子。


那如果加个with形成with+不定式独立主格结构又是什么用法?这种用法当代就见的比较多了,一般表示两个意义:一是原因,二是伴随,这可能与with这个介词的意义有关:

5.With so many debts to pay off, he’ll just have to keep his nose to the grindstone for the next few years.(原因)

6.Miss Heythorp is below, Sir, with a carriage to take you home.(伴随)

也就是说加with和不加with表示的意义不同,这是不定式独立主格结构的很特殊的地方。一定要和你的第2,3个问题区别开来。

回过头看看你的问题:

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

next month很明显是表示的将来的意义,故不能改为:

Here are the first two volumes, with the third one to come out next month?


With plenty of homework to do(最好不要用被动式to be done,因为主句的主语是Tom,家庭作业是Tom要去完成的,用主动), Tom will have to stay up tonight.很明显是表原因,若换成:

Plenty of homework to do, Tom will have to stay up tonight?有两个问题,一是意义不对,上面说了。二是不定式独立主格结构置于句首几乎没有见到,而且置于句首的话如何表示“接着主句的动作发生而表现将来的意义”?我也注意到国内出的某本语法书上有这种写法的,但我个人不太认同,也没有在国外资料上找到类似这样的。

其他的2个问题相对比较简单,可以参考的资料比较多,论坛上我也提过,别的老师也有回答,自行研究就行了。

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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

解答如下:仅供网友参考

【一】“n+不定式可以与“With+n+不定式替换OK

1with +名词(代词)+不定式(动词不定式表示主动或将来的动作)

With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed.有你领导我们,我们组肯定能成功。

2】名词(代词)+不定式

You to lead us, our group is sure to succeed有你领导我们,我们组肯定能成功。

 【二】“n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”可以与“with+ n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”替换OK

1with +名词(代词)+现在分词(现在分词表示宾语正在进行的动作或主动的动作)

She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her.

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。

2名词(代词)+现在分词

She stood there chatting with her friend, her child playing beside her.

她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。

3with +名词(代词)+过去分词(过去分词和宾语构成动宾关系,且宾语是动作的承受者)

With the test finished,we'll have our summer vocation.考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。

With the job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。

4名词(代词)+过去分词

The test finished,we'll have our summer vocation.考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。

The job finished, we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。

 【三】“n+adj/adv/介词短语可以与“with+ n+adj/adv/介词短语替换OK

He entered the room, his face pale.

=He entered the room with his face pale.

他走进屋来脸色苍白。

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.

=He sat in the front row with his mouth half open

他坐在前排,嘴半开着。

The lights off, we could not go on with the work.

=With the lights off, we could not go on with the work.

灯熄灭了,我们不能继续工作了。

He rode a bike, hand in pocket.

=He rode a bike with a hand in his pocket

他骑着车,一只手还插在口袋里。

 

 

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  • 飞428 提出于 2022-10-09 22:23