2023-09-20 09:11 回答问题
这个句子没办法把不定式to satisfy直接改为被动,因为satisfy的宾语是其后的their desire for ...。但我不认为这个句子有什么错误。看到这个问题时我想到的是以下两点;1. 不能完全否定horses和satisfy ...存在主谓关系。马儿为了获得空间和自由,它们会对周围环境做出一定的反应。比如嘶吼、逃离、挣脱缰绳、撩蹄子就是争取自由和捍卫空间的一些主动作为,也就是satisfy their desire for space and freedom的作为。当然,马儿本身不可能完全满足自己对空间和自由的追求,在一定环境中也需要人们的帮助和照顾。但这一点不重要,因为句子表达的是马儿有这样的需求,并没有说马儿自己能够满足这一需求。人不也是这样吗。如果把句子改为:I need to satisfy my desire for space and freedom,试问,“我”就一定能满足自己对空间和自由的诉求吗?我上班996,一家三口住30平方,如何satisfy my desire for space and freedom?但因为我有需求,当然可以说I need to satisfy my desire for space and freedom。 2. 不定式作宾语时,一般情况下其逻辑主语即句子的主语。例如I need to have a rest,那I就是have a rest的逻辑主语,两者存在主谓关系。但事情不一定都这么简单。在明显不存在上述逻辑关系时,不定式行为就可能只是一个笼统的行为,其逻辑主语是不明确的(或不会被误解的)施动者。例如前纽约市长布隆伯格曾经打算在曼哈顿西区为New York Jets(橄榄球队名)建一个球场,但老百姓不愿意。《时代周刊》的报道写道:The majority of New Yorkers have also told pollsters they don't want to build a football stadium for the New York Jets on Manhattan's West Side, but Bloomberg is pushing hard for one anyway. (Time, 2003-34-25)从语义角度讲,to build a football stadium...的逻辑主语是they(The majority of New Yorkers) 吗?当然不是! 大多数纽约人不想要做的(或反对的)是“为New York Jets建一个football stadium”这件事,而不是“他们(自己)去建球场”这件事。所以,把The majority of New Yorkers视为build a football stadium for the...这一行为的施动者不符合逻辑。至于施动者是谁,其实大家都知道,不至于产生疑问或误解。又例如:1. I need to lengthen this skirt. 句中to lengthen this skirt的施动者,大概率会是a tailer而非“我自己”。2. The Secretary hoped to build a consensus between Washington and Peking on the two countries' shared wariness of the Soviet Union. (国务卿希望在华盛顿和北京之间就两国对苏联的共同警惕达成共识。)。句中to build a consensus between...的施动者是中美两国政府,而非当时的国务卿(黑格),后者只是表达了一个愿望。这样的情况虽不常见,但的确存在。如果原句改为Horses need to havetheir desiresatisfied for space and freedom这种句式当然更符合我们的期待,我上述各例也都可以这样改写。但我们也应该适应人们不同的表达方式。个人己见,仅供参考。
2023-09-13 09:40 回答问题
这两句中的such...as...不是一回事,须加以区分。第二句中的such...as..显然用于表示举例。通常是“名词词组+such as+名词词组”形式,此时的such as应视为介词。但第一个名词词组也可以放在such和as之间。所以:such abuses as the timing of executions=abuses such as the timing of executions这种用法很常见,大家都熟悉,与关系分句和比较分句没有关系,不必多说。第一句中的such...as...是完全不同的结构,从功能角度讲也不用于举例。until such time as应视为一个整体,是Quirk所称的边缘连词的一种,与the moment (that),during the period when等一样,是一种自由句法结构。until such time as既然是引导时间状语从句的连词,那么其后接分句,义同until。所以,根据Renaat Declerck,下面两句表达意思相同:He would stay in the pub until such time as Jill had already arrived.=He would stay in the pub until Jill had arrived.这表明until such time as等于until《韦氏高阶》也把until such time as作为固定用法用粗体字列出。其例句为:He will be suspended from work until such time as this matter has been resolved.既然until such time as等于until, 为什么还要用until such time as?这就是一个用词的风格问题。实际上until such time as是一种比较旧的、正式的用法,并不常见。因为现代英语日益趋向简洁,很多比较啰嗦的用法常被诟病。例如:because of the fact that (=because); in the event that (=if)等。until such time as也同样如此,Laurie Rozakis认为这是一种redundant phrases 或者wordy phrase,会让你的表达显得平坦而冗长(flabby and verbose)。不宜把一些属于习惯用法的语言现象拆分开来作主观而繁琐的语法分析。
2023-09-13 09:14 回答问题
这句子没有问题,across (...) from...的用法并不少见。首先,across the square意思很明确,它表达的是大致的方位,from where we are standing则进一步表明精确位置,即:就在我们站立位置的“正对面”。一个广场可能很大,边长有可能好几百米甚至上千米,如果只是说my father’s office was across the square, 你根本不知道这个office究竟在什么位置。from where...就给了你比较精确的定位:就在...的正对面。比如你说There is a bank across the street。对方可能一下子还找不到这家银行,因为过了马路不知道是往左边走还是右边走。如果你说There’s a bank across the street from the shop where we were shopping,那定位就很精确了。 至于across the square from where we were standing,这个“我们”在广场之内还是边缘,我觉得这不一定。一般情况下人应该是在广场上的,毕竟如果远离广场,这句话就白说了。但也要看具体环境,有时候广场本身和周边的马路或绿化带界限可能不明,说不清是否属于广场范围。比如天安门广场,到底长安街(广场路段)算不算广场范围呢?但这一点并不重要,基本没有意义。
2023-08-10 17:14 回答问题
我觉得翻译应该没有问题。randomly可以译作“随机地”等等,主要表示不确定性。如果某个事件的发生用randomly来修饰,说明这件事情的发生是不受控的、并非有意地、偶然的,也是没有固定模式的、不可预知的。例如:My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.The books were randomly arranged on the shelves.手机随机自动关机,书架上的书随便放。这都在表示不确定性:关机时间不可预测;哪一类书在哪里没有规律。所以,the odds of that occurring randomly are about 1 in 1,000意思是:(至少以现有研究水平看来)那种随机发生的、没有规律可循的、不可预测的地震,发生的概率是千分之一。这与前文讲到的5起5级以上的地震都被准确预测(都发生在研究小组高精度预报的高风险地区)是一致的。
2023-08-07 17:20 回答问题
用at the right price也不是不可以,但前文at the right time中已经用了at,后面改用 for显得用词更具多样性,这在修辞上是值得鼓励的。英文中,for和price虽然不是经典搭配,但也并无违和感,意思也没有明显区别,汉译时可灵活处理,比如有时亦可把for...译成“用...代价”等。以下两句源于美国《时代周刊》: The Caravelle's victory was a classic case of a hustling company's building the right plane at the right time for the right price. Almost anything-and almost anyone-could be bought for the right price.注意第一句,for the right price也是用在at the right time之后。
2023-08-06 12:31 回答问题
1. 你所引用的句子中的since its establishment in 2018是介词短语,并非时间状语从句。 2. 介词短语since its establishment in 2018是后置定语,修饰名词短语(for)the first time,并非修饰主句的谓语动词,所以不要求谓语用现在完成时。3. since...作为介词短语,所修饰的名词词组通常(但非必定)含有最高级或序数词。在上下文明确时,名词也可以省略。表示“自从...以来的第几...”或“自从... 以来最...的”。例如:the lowest point since World War II(二战以来的最低点), for the first time since May(五月份以来的第一次),the most successful(concert)since 2018(2018年以来最成功的)。
2023-08-04 17:12 回答问题
Whatever colour changes(动词experinces的宾语)the ocean(主语) experiences(谓语动词)in the coming decades(状语)will...whatever修饰名词colour changes, 此时的whatever一般认为是关系限定词,也有将其标为形容词的,与融合性关系代词功能有类似之处,此时的 whatever可用any...that...来解释。因此原句相当于Any colour changes (that) the ocean experiences in the coming decades will...(海洋所经历的任何颜色的改变都会是...) 另可参考https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/62094
2023-08-03 14:31 回答问题
Whatever important matter demanded his attention elsewhere是名词性分句,作主语,谓语是would have to wait。其中的whatever因为修饰名词impportant matter,一般称为关系限定词,有的词典标为形容词。相当于any...that,译为“任何....的事情/东西”。例如:I'll be happy to provide you with whatever assistance you may need.(我愿为你提供你可能需要的任何帮助)。这句中,whatever assistance you may need作with的宾语。你的原句相当于Any other important matter that demanded his attention would have to wait。意为:任何需要他关注的其它事情都必须等待(“往后排“的意思)。说明他目前正在做的事情重要、有优先权。
2023-07-31 10:52 回答问题
我感觉你提出的问题似乎没有把你心里真正的疑问清晰地表达出来。我就多说几句,不知道是否对症下药。1. 首先,为了叙述方便,我们不妨把这一结构中第一个as后的词分为“正向”和“负向”两类。例如: 正向词:many, much, tall, big, heavy, old 负向词:few, little, short, small, light, young2. 当我们不带倾向地仅关注客观的数量、尺寸、高度、重量等因素时,通常只用正向词,尤其不考虑前后文时。例如:I have as many shirts as you.My flat is as big as yours.Bill is as tall as Jack.显然,上述句中的正向词不带个人主观色彩。即:many并不表示“多”或“很多”,big并不意味着真的“大”或“很大”。用as...as...仅表示数量相等或大小一样而已。正因为正向词所具有的这一“中性”特质,当我们不带倾向地、客观地询问某个数值是多少时,须用正向词。例如,问多高要用how tall,不用how short;问多少要用how many/ much,不用how few/little;问年龄多大用how old,不用how young。3. 当我们要表示一个高于(大于、多于)预期的(或通常的)数值时,通常用正向词。这时通常需要一定的上下文语境或常识(以下例句中用粗体字提示)来确定这层含义,否则就与第2项中的正向词用法难以区分。例如: Tom is growing fast, and now he’s as tall as you. (Tom个子长得快,长得高,超乎预料) The fellow had as many lives as a cat. (猫有九条命,很多哦)当第二个as后接数字时往往是(虽并非总是)这层意思。例如: As many as 60 students competed for the prize. (多达六十人,一个奖) There is a small number involved, possibly as few as a hundred, (仅仅一百个)反之亦然。当我们要表示一个低于(小于、少于)预期的(或通常的)的数值时,则用负向词。例如: The main problem is a huge tree as few as 3 metres from the house, which keeps out the light. There is a small number involved, possibly as few as a hundred, It’s as small as a pinhead.(小若针尖)现在用A、B、C、D四个选项完成1-3题的填空应该没有问题:A few B. short C. many D. long1. A written text may be as _______ as a novel or a multi-volume encyclopedia; it may be as ______ as a one-word notice, such as Exit. 2. I used to smoke as_______ as 60 cigarettes a day. 3. One study showed that even as _______ as ten cigarettes a day can damage fertility. 以上供参考。
2023-07-28 22:43 回答问题
上述As much as I love ice cream,As hard as he studied和As successful as the company's marketing campaign was ...是美国英语的用法,分别相当于Much as I love ice cream,Hard as he studied 和 Successful as the company's marketing campaign was ..都是副词前置的让步状语从句。只要知道美国英语可以这样用就行了,没必要想太多。