倪肖丁
倪肖丁
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性别: 注册于 2016-04-27

擅长:惯用法问题

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14小时前 回答问题

to believe是形容词hard的补足语。原句相当于I find (that) that is hard to believe。如果没有不定式to believe,前面的hard语义不完整。

19小时前 回答问题

此处的so用于表示结果。例如:High doses (more than 5 g per day) increasingly suppress proximal tubular reabsorption, so causing hyperuricosuria.   Chief reason was the shrinkage of the Exchange's daily turnover, so reducing members' incomes that they were having to reduce their office personnel, dispense with faithful, valued employees.     上述so的用法和语义跟thus差不多,只是后者更为常见也较为正式。例如:The introduction of the euro led to a rise in prices thus causing inflation. As the ligand binds, heat is either generated or absorbed, thus raising or lowering the temperature in the  cell. so和thus的这种用法主要表示上下文的语义逻辑联系:前者为因,后者为果。但因为-ing分句本身也可以表示结果,所以在语义明确并通顺的情况下,so和thus通常不必出现。例如:Appetite is lessened, resulting in weight loss and dietary problems.Many of the men returned home, causing local unemployment.其它表示结果功能的还有accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, thereby, therefore等。这些在Quirk语法中被称之为 conjuncts (联加状语),在其它一些语法模型中可能被称之为conjunctors或者conjunctive/connective /linking adjuncts 等不一而足。可译为连接语、连接状语、连接纽带、或连接性状语等等。 但这些名称都是根据这些词语(副词或介词短语)的功能而赋予的称谓,并非词典中用来标明词类(word classes,parts of speech)的术语。另外,联加状语多用于连接两个句子或分句。上述so和thus后接-ing分句,相对比较少见。

2026-01-11 12:19 回答问题

不定代词被当作名词一样用是实际存在的现象。像这种非正式语体的小众用法,词典估计不大可能会有专门介绍,语法也未必会提及。但在一般文体中,特别是口语和文学体裁中并不罕见。以someone为例: Laura had telephoned every library in Burlington, Iowa, got someone who knew someone, got a someone who knew the married name and phone number of the subject of our search.(American Heritage: Dec94: Vol. 45 Issue 8, p110) In another few seconds, they had grasped a rope of twisted gold that an unseen someone lowered from above. They wrapped their legs around it and around each other. (Nights in black satin ) So I'll look into ways that you can de-cloak an invisible someone. What about you? Cordelia might be working on her dress tonight. Maybe there'll be some action. I guess I'm gonna start the hunt. How exactly do you propose to hunt someone you can't see? (Movie:Buffy the Vampire Slayer)In profile, he is talking to an invisible someone. (Fiction: Set This House on Fire)I asked a certain someone, who made me promise not to name her by the way, to do me a favour. (Fiction:New year - new luck)Um... go out on a date with a special someone or with a new crush. (US movie:100 Yards)此时的someone并非词典中所介绍的an important person之意,基本意思仍相当于someone的原意“某人,某个人”。例如:an invisible someone=someone special,an invisible someone=someone invisible,a certain someone = someone 等等。只是表达的手法有所改变,可能具有更加“未知”、更为生动和强烈的效果。something也可这样用。例如:In the fluid in which it multiplied was a something that killed several kinds of microbes.(TIME)其中的a something如果直接改为something,在读者的感觉中这一物质的神秘感就会被打折扣。此外,人称代词也可用作名词。例如:What a darling puppy! Is it a he or a she?   To save her life, Dr. Mengers rebuilt and re-endowed her as Myron Breckinridge: the man, in fact, who Myra had originally been before a sex-change operation transformed him into  a her. (TIME)    供参考。

2026-01-11 12:15 回答问题

From...on这类状语的确表示从某个时间点开始所形成的一种状态或习惯。这一状态或习惯显然具有持续性。但这并不意味着from...on不能与短暂性动词连用。比如说,from  I began / decided to...这样搭配的句式完全没有问题。例如:From then on Gothic details became more frequent, particularly in the Rhine provinces. (World Architecture) From then on writing became my only real interest. Just as the paintbrush used to be my scepter, so now a pencil was seldom out of my foot. (Christy Brown: My left foot)From then on, I decided to do only what I liked and only what I wanted, and to do it alone.(NewYorker)From then on, though he was only 16, his fluent voice began  to echo through the Welsh valleys. (TIME)From then on the civilian situation will get worse.(TIME)From then on Epstein gets tangled with Behrman in a confusing hodgepodge of drawing-room wit heavily weighted with dramatic overtones. (TIME) From then on he began to act like the reincarnation of " Lord " Timothy. (TIME)显然,短暂动词仅表示某种状态的一个始点,真正开始持续的并不是这个始点,而是该始点所启动的一个状态或习惯。

2025-09-17 16:34 回答问题

1. 500 calories more中的more是限定词,作后置修饰语,修饰名词中心词calories。一般的限定词都是前置修饰语,放在中心名词之前。但少数限定词既可以前置,也可以后置。more就是这样的限定词。所以我们既可(后置)说500 calories more,也可以(前置)说500 more calories。意思不变,但说500 more calories的更常见。例如:We need two more days. ( = We need two days more.)2. on the unprocessed diet 意为“吃未加工饮食”,作名词中心词time的定语。During their time on the unprocessed diet, they lost about two pounds全句意为“在吃未加工饮食期间,他们大约减重 2 磅”。

2025-08-14 23:04 回答问题

上述who引导的关系分句修饰的先行项是The current world chess champion。但因此而说“定语从句也可以修饰其中的定语”是不准确的。因为这给人造成了错觉,似乎关系分句分别修饰了两个独立的成分:一个是主语,另一个是主语的定语。实际上在整个名词词组The current world chess champion中,中心词(主角)还是champion,而The current world chess只是名词词组中的附属成分。所以,应该说关系分句修饰的是带定语的名词中心词。

2025-08-13 17:16 回答问题

   不同英语语法模型对同一名称的语法术语有不同的定义或赋予不同的内涵。同位语是不是修饰语取决于我们采信何种语法模型。   在章振邦团队及其认同的Quirk等人的语法模型中,同位语是名词的后置修饰语。   但在Huddleston的语法模型中,同位语要做区分:作为名词词组内部附属成分的同位语是修饰语。例如 She sang in the opera 'Carmen'.  ,其中的Carmen就是修饰语。但对于名词词组外部(有逗号分开的)的同位语,在Huddleston的语法模型中被称为补充性同位语,它不是修饰语,而是补充语的一种。   在你的例句My friend, Tom, is a student中,Tom被逗号隔开,所以在Huddleston的语法模型中它是补充性同位语,也就是补充语,而非修饰语。   但从语义上讲,Tom是限制性同位语。因为我们不能假设你只有一个朋友,Tom对中心词friend起到了限制作用,用于回答Which friend?  所以我对你的这个句子的可靠性有一定程度的怀疑,我觉得应该写成My friend Tom is a student。因为通常情况下限制性同位语不能被逗号隔开。例如,My friend, Jewel, needs a ride这个句子就被English Grammar and Usage界定为错句。  个人的感觉是,在特殊情况下用逗号或许也有可能。比如聊天时(口语),在my friend后不自觉地有了停顿,然后觉得有必要补充这位友人的名字,那么记录下来就可能出现了逗号。但我本人在阅读中尚未见到过这种用法。   建议不必把问题搞得太复杂,Huddleston的语法模型包含很多与传统语法不同的概念和术语,其中的很多观点有新意也有道理,但也可能给一般读者造成思想混乱。相比较而言,Quirk和章振邦的语法模型比较接近传统。所以把各种同位语都纳入修饰语也没有问题。   以上意见仅供供参考!

2025-08-12 16:13 回答问题

说的没错,省略了there be。be的时态形式取决于上下文语境,可能是there will be,也可能是there would be, there is或there was等等。

2025-08-12 16:03 回答问题

介词including可以后接that从句。例如:He said quite a lot, including that he was sorry.(CGEL) 。这个including仍然是介词。但你说的“引导从句,对前面主句进行补充说明的一种结构”,这是对的。也就是从句法功能上讲,这个including是强制性同位语标志词(obligatory markers of apposition),这意味着它所引导的是一个同位语。详情可参阅Apposition in Contemporary English,如果没有这本书,也可参考Quirk等人的CGOEL,或者《新编高级英语语法》(40.1B)

2025-08-12 15:33 回答问题

为什么你觉得 Being tired, he gave up exercising this morning一句中的Being tired是现在分词的被动式,而且用得不妥?