倪肖丁
倪肖丁
年费会员 实名认证 专业认证

性别: 注册于 2016-04-27

擅长:惯用法问题

求助 拜TA为师
2063鲜花数
32838 经验值
193个粉丝
0个弟子
主页被访问 24166 次

最近动态

2天前 回答问题

相信Practical English Usage和 The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary,不要用This/It be+first/second/...time for sb to 不定式这种结构。据我所见到的材料,国内最早认可It/This be the first/second/...time for sb to do不定式结构的是葛传椝先生,这是时代的局限所致。后来者照搬此说,则更多因为抄作业比较省事。

2026-01-30 15:11 回答问题

没有矛盾。adjucts既是动词词组的一部分,也是被整合在分句中的一个成分。整个动词词组本身就是分句的一部分,adjuncts当然也在分句之中。

2026-01-28 10:21 回答问题

1. 这里的词类(word classes)就是词性(parts of speech)。但无论语法还是词典,对词类的归纳并无完全一致的标准。编者根据自己的研究结论提出自己话语体系的分类法,各有特色。读者对此应持开放态度,但可以保留自己的偏爱。有的词典把传统的基本词类进行再细分,用于标注词性的类别多达20余个。尽管没有固定模式,但一般不会给读者带来难以摆脱的困扰,因为读者须具有相关的知识基础,能在使用中了解不同工具书中各种词类之间的对应关系或关联性。2. 夸克的语法模型把动词分为“全义动词”、“情态动词”和“基本动词”三类,这与传统的和当代的语法以及词典基本保持一致。这样的区分是有必要的,因为它们的功能、用法和语义各有不同。这跟名词单独成为一类(仅用C和U表示分可数不可数)不一样,后者仅涉及到数的问题,区别比较单一。当然,如果有学者在自己的著述中直接把可数名词、不可数名词当作标定词性的分类,那是他的选择,读者是否认可是另一回事。顺便一提,夸克语法的中译本把primary verb译作“基本动词”,这种直译法对应英文原文是没有问题的。但从夸克语法的整体框架可知,它所谓primary verb是在 auxiliary verb(助动词)这个主题下的一个分类,相当于一般语法书的primary auxiliary verb(基本助动词),以便区别于另一类auxiliary verb,即modal auxiliary verb 或modal verbs(情态助动词)。所以,如果把primary verb改译作“基本助动词”可能更通俗易懂一些。3. 把not划入副词类也没什么不可以,各词典中not一直就标为副词。但在分析英语词法和句法的专著中,把not划入一个称为小品词(particle)的小类,夸克自有其理。因为跟词典不同,语法研究副词往往根据其语义学特征被分成时间、地点、方式、程度、因果、频度、情态、增补、观点、姿势等不同类别。但not仅起否定作用,是一个功能性用词而非修饰性用词,不像其它副词具有鲜明语义学特征,也难以跟其他的副词融合。只要学者在自己的著述中保持术语名称的一致性、连贯性,不给读者造成困扰,我觉得就可以接受。  以上意见仅供参考。

2026-01-24 21:38 回答问题

宾语区用人称代词还是反身代词的问题一般情况下是容易判断的。但有时情况很复杂,有可能两种形式都能用,意思可能相同也可能不同,这跟文体和动词句式等因素有关。如果把问题限制在你给出的这个句子上,那就相对简单些。to help...这个不定式分句本身没有显性的主语,因此句子的主语(反身代词的先行词)被默认为不定式分句的主语,这时help后应该用反身代词herself。这是一般语法规则。仍以to help分句为例:Later he sold silk stockings to help himself through the University of Pennsylvania.Speakers assign these statuses to components of messages to help themselves produce texts and to help their listeners interpret them. 但在非正式文体中,像上述例句中那样紧跟在动词后的直接宾语也可能用人称代词。下列各句源于英语文学原著:      Sabrina said. " I'm going to have a shower to relax me. "      Alone, they kissed, he tasting on her tongue the Scotch she had had to relax her. If Dr. Von Hallor has to doodle to help him think... that's his business. 这些句子中的人称代词,按语法规则都应改成反身代词。但实际上在文学作品和其它非正式文体中,用人称代词替代反身代词的现象并不罕见,尤其当反身代词远离其先行词时,因为此时先行词对代词的影响力已被削弱。鉴此,你的原句中用her也是可以的,用herself则更规范。如果把不定式to help...置于句首,情况同样如此:用反身代词更正规,用人称代词也完全可以。例如:To help me get to sleep, I tried thinking about waves breaking on the shore. To help himself cope, he turned his ordeal into an MTV comedy special that will air May 23. 至于充当间接宾语和介词宾语的反身代词,则有更大可能被人称代词取代,但问题也比较复杂,这里就不谈了。以上内容仅供参考。

2026-01-23 11:38 回答问题

1. reminder当然可以表示某人发出的提醒,无论是喊话、写纸条、身体语言还是其它形式的暗示等,这与词典中对reminder的释义并不相悖。例如:We have not forgotten the poet Robert Frost's reminder that' good fences make good neighbors. (我们没有忘记诗人罗伯特・弗罗斯特的提醒:“好的篱笆造就好的邻居。”)2. what they are = what these limits are。理解成what these rules are也说得通,意思差不多。人称代词一般指代前文出现过的名词,例如本句中的的limits和rules。

2026-01-23 11:15 回答问题

别把事情搞的太复杂,否则很难自圆其说。比如你这个(the determination that)中的that是什么呢?是关系代词吗?在关系分句中当什么成分呢?分句的主语和宾语都齐全,它还有什么成分可当?把事情简化些:整个with the same determination(相当于as determinedly)作为包含比较短语的状语,在as分句中的对应部分必须空缺,。再简单些:含有the same...的状语后都是直接跟as分句,不再出现同类状语,这就是惯用法。比如:I had left at the same time as John arrived.The cylinders slide backwards at the same speed as the whole machine is moving forward.大家都是这样用的,对这样的句子没必要用“比较项的对应项”之类概念来进行分析。

2026-01-18 16:27 回答问题

to believe是形容词hard的补足语。原句相当于I find (that) that is hard to believe。如果没有不定式to believe,前面的hard语义不完整。

2026-01-18 11:16 回答问题

此处的so用于表示结果。例如:High doses (more than 5 g per day) increasingly suppress proximal tubular reabsorption, so causing hyperuricosuria.   Chief reason was the shrinkage of the Exchange's daily turnover, so reducing members' incomes that they were having to reduce their office personnel, dispense with faithful, valued employees.     上述so的用法和语义跟thus差不多,只是后者更为常见也较为正式。例如:The introduction of the euro led to a rise in prices thus causing inflation. As the ligand binds, heat is either generated or absorbed, thus raising or lowering the temperature in the  cell. so和thus的这种用法主要表示上下文的语义逻辑联系:前者为因,后者为果。但因为-ing分句本身也可以表示结果,所以在语义明确并通顺的情况下,so和thus通常不必出现。例如:Appetite is lessened, resulting in weight loss and dietary problems.Many of the men returned home, causing local unemployment.其它表示结果功能的还有accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, thereby, therefore等。这些在Quirk语法中被称之为 conjuncts (联加状语),在其它一些语法模型中可能被称之为conjunctors或者conjunctive/connective /linking adjuncts 等不一而足。可译为连接语、连接状语、连接纽带、或连接性状语等等。 但这些名称都是根据这些词语(副词或介词短语)的功能而赋予的称谓,并非词典中用来标明词类(word classes,parts of speech)的术语。另外,联加状语多用于连接两个句子或分句。上述so和thus后接-ing分句,相对比较少见。

2026-01-11 12:19 回答问题

不定代词被当作名词一样用是实际存在的现象。像这种非正式语体的小众用法,词典估计不大可能会有专门介绍,语法也未必会提及。但在一般文体中,特别是口语和文学体裁中并不罕见。以someone为例: Laura had telephoned every library in Burlington, Iowa, got someone who knew someone, got a someone who knew the married name and phone number of the subject of our search.(American Heritage: Dec94: Vol. 45 Issue 8, p110) In another few seconds, they had grasped a rope of twisted gold that an unseen someone lowered from above. They wrapped their legs around it and around each other. (Nights in black satin ) So I'll look into ways that you can de-cloak an invisible someone. What about you? Cordelia might be working on her dress tonight. Maybe there'll be some action. I guess I'm gonna start the hunt. How exactly do you propose to hunt someone you can't see? (Movie:Buffy the Vampire Slayer)In profile, he is talking to an invisible someone. (Fiction: Set This House on Fire)I asked a certain someone, who made me promise not to name her by the way, to do me a favour. (Fiction:New year - new luck)Um... go out on a date with a special someone or with a new crush. (US movie:100 Yards)此时的someone并非词典中所介绍的an important person之意,基本意思仍相当于someone的原意“某人,某个人”。例如:an invisible someone=someone special,an invisible someone=someone invisible,a certain someone = someone 等等。只是表达的手法有所改变,可能具有更加“未知”、更为生动和强烈的效果。something也可这样用。例如:In the fluid in which it multiplied was a something that killed several kinds of microbes.(TIME)其中的a something如果直接改为something,在读者的感觉中这一物质的神秘感就会被打折扣。此外,人称代词也可用作名词。例如:What a darling puppy! Is it a he or a she?   To save her life, Dr. Mengers rebuilt and re-endowed her as Myron Breckinridge: the man, in fact, who Myra had originally been before a sex-change operation transformed him into  a her. (TIME)    供参考。

2026-01-11 12:15 回答问题

From...on这类状语的确表示从某个时间点开始所形成的一种状态或习惯。这一状态或习惯显然具有持续性。但这并不意味着from...on不能与短暂性动词连用。比如说,from  I began / decided to...这样搭配的句式完全没有问题。例如:From then on Gothic details became more frequent, particularly in the Rhine provinces. (World Architecture) From then on writing became my only real interest. Just as the paintbrush used to be my scepter, so now a pencil was seldom out of my foot. (Christy Brown: My left foot)From then on, I decided to do only what I liked and only what I wanted, and to do it alone.(NewYorker)From then on, though he was only 16, his fluent voice began  to echo through the Welsh valleys. (TIME)From then on the civilian situation will get worse.(TIME)From then on Epstein gets tangled with Behrman in a confusing hodgepodge of drawing-room wit heavily weighted with dramatic overtones. (TIME) From then on he began to act like the reincarnation of " Lord " Timothy. (TIME)显然,短暂动词仅表示某种状态的一个始点,真正开始持续的并不是这个始点,而是该始点所启动的一个状态或习惯。