Money with no strings attached①. It’s not something you see every day②. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project③. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip (片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.④
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days,” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
上面文字摘自2019年浙江高考阅读理解题B,学生遇到几个问题请教老师:
标注①的文字【money with no strings attached】: 请问首句为什么使用一个中心词作为文章开头?这是一种什么语法现象或者修辞现象;
标注②的文字【It’s not something you see every day】: 请问这个句子的主语是否指代前面句子的money with no strings attached?整个句子是否包含着一个定语从句(that)you see every day?
标注③的文字【which created the project】:请问这个非限制性定语从句的先行词是什么?
标注④的文字【the video clip shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board】:请问怎样解读这句话的语法成分和中文含义?
标注①的文字【money with no strings attached】请问首句为什么使用一个中心词作为文章开头?这是一种什么语法现象或者修辞现象;
答:省略。完整的表达可以是:You can get money with no strings attached.
标注②的文字【It’s not something you see every day】请问这个句子的主语是否指代前面句子的money with no strings attached?整个句子是否包含着一个定语从句(that)you see every day?
答:是的。
标注③的文字【which created the project】请问这个非限制性定语从句的先行词是什么?
答:先行词是The Toolbox。
标注④的文字【the video clip shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board】请问怎样解读这句话的语法成分和中文含义?
答:本句意为“视频片段显示,有一个人拿出了一张20美元的钞票钉在木板上”。
The video clip shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board
the video clip shows 是主句;
who had found a $20 bill 是定语从句,修饰 one man;
理解本句子需注意 find sb doing sth 这个结构。句中的 find 是指自己身上或自己口袋里找到。句中的 it 就是指这个从句从身上找出的 20 美元钞票。
1. 从修辞层面而言,以短语而不是句子开头,属于anacoluthon(破格文体?)范畴,其本质是——打破预期语法惯例的形式,以达成戏剧性(吸引人)的效果。通俗说就是“博眼球”,这不,那么多篇阅读理解,你居然愿意花8朵小花来寻求解答,是不是成功吸引了你的注意?如果它以句子开头,你还会有疑惑吗?那么对于英文已经过关的读者,或者母语人士来说,自然也能吸引他们继续阅读下去。
具体到这篇新闻报道,可以说是对anacoluthon的具体运用---符合新闻报道的字斟句酌(making every word count)的原则。大白话就是:新闻机构省钱(按字论酬),读者省时(他们只想快速了解发生了什么事,而不是来听专家做报告)。只是要注意过犹不及问题,你不能大量使用短语来替代句子,否则读者会投诉:他们只想看新闻,结果你给他们一张带有例句的单词表!
2. 参阅胡老师和huck老师的解答;
3. 项目project一般分发起和执行两部分,实际执行的当然是人,但是项目的发起者,既可以是人,也可以是机构。所以这里用which还是用who,不属于英语问题,而是要看实际情况。很显然,这里作者不是谈论谁在执行这个项目,而是解释这个项目是谁发起的;
4.参阅huck老师的解答。
一家之言,仅供参考;
勤查英英,必有所获!
1. 名词短语作为片段单独成句,起到突出、强调的作用(就像聚光灯只聚集到一个人身上),也说明了全文的中心话题。这个名词短语其实和下一句关系紧密。with no strings attached表示“没有附加条件”。
2. it指上一句的名词短语money with no strings attached。和上一句可以合并为Money with no strings attached is not something (you see every day定从).,不过失去了原有的强调的意味。有时也会见到Money with no strings attached, it is not something (you see every day定从).不太规范的这种表达(多了个it做主语)
3. 因为是which,所以指机构The Toolbox,而不是指人。
4. 句子主干为the video clip shows one man pinning it to the board.,包含比较常见的show somebody doing结构,doing部分可以分析为宾语补足语。who had found a $20 bill 是定语从句修饰one man。视频片段显示一个人捡起(地上的)20美元贴到布告板上。从英语原文所在的网页上观看视频可以发现,视频中提到a man found 20 dollars on the floor,然后贴到布告板上。由此也可以推断,前面的single、five、ten分别指1美元、5美元、10美元。
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