比较分句的省略问题

章振邦老师在新编英语语法教程学生用书第六版p290中说:比较分句,当主句主语和as分句主语不同而比较项相同时,as分句总是有所省略,即通常为不完全句;但若两个主语相同而比较项目不同或者两个主语和比较项目都不同,as分句便不能用省略句,而必须用完全句。例句如下:

The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.

主语相同而比较项目不同,如章老师所说as分句不可以省略。

但是各位老师们我有以下疑问:由于比较项不同,不可以省略主从句比较项相同的成分。但是第二个as作为连词,连词引导的分句可以省略与主句相同的部分,那么按照这个逻辑这句话完全可以省略从句中的主语和谓语,为什么章老师说不能省略而必须用完全句呢?

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最佳答案 2021-10-25 17:40

除了省略从句的比较结构( He drank more than necessary),元语言评论( He is more drunk than sober.与其说他清醒不如说他醉了),以及一些可能的习语,than/as + AdjP只能出现在形容词词组在从句里边做状语:

先理解一下这个关系 He fought trunk= He fought when he was drunk. (drunk 在从句里面做状语,也有人叫主语补足语,但是那种归类不利于这个分析,不采用。)

然后再看:

He fights better drunk than (he fights) sober.(武二郎喝醉了更能打。)

He fights as well drunk as (he fights) sober.

而你的句子里面做的是表语,不能这样缩减,只能说 ...as she is beautiful。

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其它 2 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

剑桥英语语法也谈到了这个问题(p 1112) .

(f) Verbless clauses: reduction to a single element

The extreme case of reduction is where only a single element remains:

[20] i We spend more time in France than in Germany].[PP]

ii He seems to play better drunk than sober].[AdjP]

iii More believed that it was genuine than that it was a hoax].[content clause]

iv It is better to try and fail than not to try at all].[infifinitival clause]

Sue phoned Angela more often than [( ) Liz ( )].[NP]

vi He has more enemies than friends].[nominal]

In all of these it would be possible to add material in the position of the gap: for [i] wecould have We spend more time in France than [we spendin Germany],

and so on.

Reduction to an AdjP, as in [ii], is restricted to cases where the AdjP is adjunct: we cannot omit the it is in [4i] (The swimming-pool is as deep as it is widewhere the AdjP is predicative complement.

当比较分句省略到只剩一个形容词时,这个形容词只限于作状语。如果形容词为表语,例如下面句子中的 it is 是不可以省略的。The swimming-pool is as deep as it is wide.

这和章振邦的说法是一致的。所以,The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.这个句子中的she was是不可以省略的。

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

看了网友引用章振邦教授的叙述,仍然不太明白所要表达的意思。我觉得,不必背诵这些条条框框,否则会把自己弄糊涂的。把这三个句子搞清楚就行了。

1. The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. (这句话的 she 不可能指另外一人

=The girl was as brilliant as beautiful.(同一个人既聪明又漂亮

2. The girl was as brilliant as her sister was beautiful.(主句的主语聪明,从句的主语漂亮。两人各自的特征,在程度上是一样的)



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  • jason 提出于 2021-10-24 15:21