1. was 是不及物动词,含义是 existed(存在),这样理解,就不需要表语,不存在省略了。
2. as it really was. 为方式状语从句,修饰动名词短语 discerning and giving meaning to the past。
as it really was = as it really exsited = 正如它实际存在的样子=.正如它本来的样子。
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