对人教版八年级上册中be possible to do用法的质疑
一、问题的由来
●网友在柯帕斯英语网提问:
关于不定式用主动表被动的问题
Your resolution is possible to achieve.
请教这道题achieve为什么没有用be achieved 呢?
网址见:https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/64498
●我试着给出了以下解答:
这就是所谓的反射不定式,即句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,此时的不定式虽然是主动形式,但含有被动意味。不过网友的这个句子好像有问题,这是你自己造的句子吧。possible 一般不用于这样的反射不定式结构,但它的反义词 impossible 却可以这样用。
通常不说:Your resolution is possible to achieve.
但可以说:Your resolution is impossible to achieve.
如果一定要用 possible,可以考虑改为:
It is possible to achieve your resolution.
●网友针对我的解答的回复:
您好,忘记说了,这是人教版八年级上册教材里的一个句子:Always make sure your resolution is possible to achieve. 请教一下,这样的形容词还有哪些呢?
原来网友的句子来自人教版初中英语教材(八年级上册)。我手头没有这本教材,于是到网上找了一下,还真是如此:
三、用法分析
Always make sure your resolution is possible to achieve.
人教版八年级上册教材里的这个句子对吗?好吗?我认为不对,至少它不算好。
这个问题的关键点其实就是 be possible to do 的这个句式的用法问题。
●be possible to do的通常用法
一般认为 be possible to do 主要用于以 it 作形式主语的句式(possible 后的不定式作真正的主语)。如:
It is possible to combine a career with being a mother.
It is possible to predict the outcome with reasonable accuracy.
It might be possible to approach the problem in a different way.
It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the laboratory.
有时it不是形式主语,而是形式宾语。如:
She soon found it possible to do this regularly.
New technology has made it possible to communicate more easily.
The direct flight makes it possible to get from London to Tokyo in 12 hours.
●句子主语不能是不定式的逻辑宾语
△John Eastwood 在其 Oxford Learner’s Grammar 的第106节中认为下面第一句是错误的:
* The puzzle is possible to solve.
√ It is possible to solve the puzzle.
△R. Huddleston和G. K. Pullum 在其 The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 中认为下面的句子是错误的:
* That claim is possible to substantiate.
△A. S. Hornby(牛津词典主编)在其 Guide to patterns and usage in English, second edition 中认为下面的前面两句是错误的:
* That man is possible to work with.
* Our team is possible to defeat.
√ It’s possible to work with that man.
√ It’s possible to defeat our team.
△Ron Cowan 在其 The Teacher's Grammar of English 中认为下面第一句是错误的:
* The director is possible to see.
√ It’s possible to see the director.
●句子主语也不能是不定式的逻辑主语
△F. T. Wood 在其 Current English Usage: A Concise Dictionary 中认为下面的前面两句是错误的:
* They are possible to be late.
* Roses are not possible to grow in this soil.
√ It is possible that they will be late.
√ It is not possible to grow roses in this soil.
●相关补充说明——impossible的类似用法
有趣的是,虽然 be possible to do 通常只限于以 it 作形式主语的句式(不定式作外置主语),但 possible 的反义词 impossible 却没有这样的限制,相关的用例非常普遍,随便找本词典都可以查到,下面略举几例:
Perfection is impossible to achieve.
His theory is impossible to understand.
The ground was frozen hard and was impossible to dig.
The extremity of her grief is impossible to imagine.
Complete political unity is impossible to achieve.
●个人不成熟的结论
对于 sb / sth is possible to do 的用法,我们在平时的阅读(如新闻、小说等)中有可能会碰到(有时在词典释义中也可能碰到),但由于多数原版辞书和语法著作在提及此类用法时持反对态度,建议慎用或最好不用,尤其是作为英语初学者使用的教材(比如初高中英语教材),更应该使用没有争议的规范语言。您说呢?
以上仅为个人理解和看法,不妥之处请大家批评指正!
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