如何区分延续性动词和瞬间动词

如何区分延续性动词和瞬间动词?

I will tell him as soon as I see him.    

tell 好像可以延续。例如:

She is telling a story.  

as soon as 只能接瞬间动词吗?还是可以接延续性动词的适当形式。

到底怎么准确区分延续性动词和瞬间动词?

求老师给出解答,谢谢!

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最佳答案 2016-04-04 21:24

众所周知,对于动词的属性和分类,根据时限关系,动词可分为“延续性动词”和“非延续性动词”。

1. 延续性动词,表示能够延续的动作。如:study, work, stand, lie, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay 等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如:for three years, since 2010, how long..., till ...等。

How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久?

They will work here till the end of this year. 他们要在这儿工作到今年年底。

We have been good friends since childhood. 自孩提时代我们就是好朋友。

2. 非延续性动词,亦叫“终止性动词”或“瞬间动词”,其特点是动作一旦发生,就意味着完成和结束,不再延续。所以,这类动词不能跟“时间段”连用。如:open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive, see, die 等。

终止性动词跟一段时间连用是错误的,举例并改正如下:

His brother has joined the army for three years. (误)  应改为:

1. His brother has been in the army for three years. (将不延续的join 改为延续的be in)

2. His brother joined the army three years ago. (将for three years 该为three years ago)

3. It is three years since his brother joined the army. (用It is + 时间 since…)

You can borrow this book for a week. (误) 应改为:

1. You can borrow this book and return it in a week.

2. You can keep/have this book for a week.

(1)当然,非延续性动词在否定状态下可以跟“时间段”连用。例如:I haven’t seen him for two days. 因为“终止性动词”一旦被否定,就意味着“动作未发生”,而未发生的动作则意味着延续。

(2)有的非延续性动词可以用于进行时态,但不表示动作正在进行,而是将来发生的动作。因为“进行着的动作”意味着“动作的延续”和“未完成”。正是由于终止性动词一旦发生就意味着完成和结束,所以进行状态下的终止性动词体现出“未完成特征”,“未完成特征”实际就是“未发生特征”。既如此,这个动作就是将来发生了。所以,即便句中没有将来的时间,一般也应译为“将要,就要,快要”。如:

I think I am finishing the job in a day or two. 我想再过一两天我就会完成这项工作的。

The shop opposite the road is closing. 路对面的那几商店快要关门了。

The old worker is retiring next year. 这位老工人明年就要退休了。

The goat is dying because of a deadly disease. 这头山羊因患了致命的疾病,快要死了。

3. 一个动词的延续与否,不是永恒不变的,这跟语境有关。同样是一个动词,用过去式或现在完成时,有可能是“终止性的”,使用进行时或完成进行时,有可能变成“延续性的”。例如:

I read the book. (不延续)

I have read the book. (不延续)

I am reaidng the book now. (延续)

I have been reading the book for a week. (延续)

你给的这两个例句:

I will tell him as soon as I see him. (不延续)

She is telling a story.  (延续)

根据as soon as的用法,它引导的从句谓语动词应该是不延续的。如:

As soon as I arrive here, I will telphone you.

 

 

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其它 1 个回答

黎反修   - 英语翻译 (已退休)
擅长:数词用法,存在句,英语考试

    有时候,非延续性动词的肯定式可以跟““for+时间段”连用。但是,这个“for+时间段”,是目的状语,表示将要持续多长时间,其中的for不能省略。例如:Lend me your comb for a minute, will you? 把你的梳子借给我用一下,好吗?(《牛津英语语法指南》第三版109节)Can I borrow your bicycle for an hour or so?我可以借用你的自行车一个小时左右吗?(外研社、建宏《英汉多功能词典》borrow)

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  • 酒哥hhh 提出于 2016-04-01 21:14

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