5 主语下加状语和评注性状语的判断

在章振邦《新编高级英语语法》(第一版)388页,有这样一个句子:

She wisely didn't attempt to apologize.(= lt was wise of her not to attempt to apologize.)

章教授的解释是:有时评注性状语也可采取中位。

按照评注性状语的定义,应该指的是说话人对整个句子内容进行评论,而句子内容应该是“她没有试图道歉”这个主谓事件。而lt is wise of sb to dolt is wise for sb to do的区别是:前者强调人,后者强调行为。

所以,我有如下疑问:

1. 如果按照评注性状语分析,应该对句子内容进行评论,即对事件评论,而不是强调人的性质,所以,上述句子的准确改写应该是什么?是否可以是It was wise for her not to have attempted to apologize.?

2. 是否可以把wisely理解为主语下加状语,进而She wisely didn't attempt to apologize.解释为等于It was wise of her not to attempt to apologize.=She was wise not to attempt to apologize.?

补充一下夸克等人对“下加状语”的论述:

lf we move a sentence adjunct from E position to l or M, we can do more than allow another element to be highlighted by end-focus(cf18.9). We may appear to narrow the application of the adverbial from the sentence as a whole so that it now seems to have a special relation with the subject. This is particularly true with process adverbials of the manner subclass(cf8.5).

Compare [1] where casually is such an adverbial,functioning as a sentence adjunct with [2] where the function has been narrowed to subjunct status:

Leslie greeted the stranger casually. ('in a casual offhand manner', his greeting was casual) [1]

Casually, Leslie greeted the stranger.('Leslie was casual, offhand, when she greeted the stranger') [2] 

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1 个回答

倪肖丁  
擅长:惯用法问题

此处章振邦《新编高级英语语法》所称的评注性状语(wisely)就是夸克语法体系中的外加状语,具体说就是内容外加状语的B类:价值评估。wisely属于其中的Group (i)

Quirk说的很清楚:These express a judgment on what is being said as a whole and they normally apply the same judgment simultaneously to the subject of the clause. 也就是说,既是对正在说的整句话的评价,同时也是对分句主语的评价。例如:

Rightly, Mrs Jensen consulted her lawyer.

本句解释为:She was right and her action was right.

因此,章振邦用lt was wise of her not to attempt to apologize解释She wisely didn't attempt to apologize没有问题,你用for替换of也没问题。

wisely不是下加状语。另外,还得提醒不要过于纠缠术语名称。

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  • 静心   提出于 2024-06-08 16:01

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