1和2 你先看一下这个句子：The navies of the great powers realized that their ships could go farther and faster with boilers fueled by oil rather than coal. 这是一个主谓宾结构的句子，that从句为realized的宾语从句。我们可以把这个句子改为一个名词性结构，即用realize的同源名词realization作中心词，原句的主语用by介词短语引出，语法上是定语，但语义上是realization这个动作的施事者。that从句置于by介词短语之后，语法上是realization的同位语，但语义上是动词realized的宾语。于是就得到了the realization by the navies of the great powers that their ships could go farther and faster with boilers fueled by oil rather than coal这个名词词组。
3 是的。
4 reliable access to oil in times of war是句子的主语，后面的became是谓语动词。
