with复合结构与独立主格的转化

1.“n+不定式”与“With+n+不定式”

Here are the first two volumes, with the third one to come out next month.

There being/With/having plenty of homework to do/to be done, Tom will have to stay up tonight.

注：with/having不能省略。因为：https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/no-one-to-wake-me-up-i-might-be-late-for-the-first-class.3696093/

2. “n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”与“with+ n+现在分词ing/过去分词ed”

（With）weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

（With）the president（having been）assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

注：如果用being有进行的意思，可以说the president being ill 。

（With）the guide leading us/Led by the guide, we got to the village.

He stood there, （with）his hand（being）raised.

I sat in a chair with him standing beside me/ he standing beside me.

I left the room, she saying nothing/ with her saying nothing.

The boy was crying，with the vase broken./ the vase broken，the boy was crying.  

3. “n+adj/adv/介词短语”与“with+ n+adj/adv/介词短语”

She came into the room, （with）her ears red with cold.

He came out of the library, （with）a large book under his arm.

（With）the door open, he left the classroom.

（With）the lights on, the building looks beautiful.

The boy rushed into the room （with）his schoolbag in his hand/ schoolbag in hand.

区别：

介词with的复合结构可以作定语，而独立主格结构不能；

The little boy with nothing on rushed out of the house. 那个一丝不挂的小男孩跑出了屋子。(作定语，限制修饰boy，不用独立主格结构)