独立分词结构“名词+分词”作状语:

All fights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.

=After  all flights had been cancalled because of the snowstor, we decided to take the train

参考译文：在所有航班因暴风雪全部取消了之后，所以我们决定乘坐火车。

黑体部分为什么不是直接 canceled?

A:名词/代词+having been done = B:after +名词/代词+had been done sth(被动）

C:名词/代词+having  done = D:after +名词/代词+had  done sth（主动）

备注：前面为“现在分词完成时独立主格结构作时间状语，名词/代词为分词逻辑主语；后面为时间状语从句作时间状语。

解答如下：

以上现在分词完成时的独立主格结构，表示分词动作在句子谓语动词动作之前发生。可以改为相应时间状语从句，注意时间状语从句用过去完成时态表示动作先后）

备注：使用过去分词不正确，没有强调动作的先后关系。因此需要使用现在分词完成被动语态。

特别备注以下2点：

(1)All fights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.

=After  all flights had been cancalled because of the snowstor, we decided to take the train（强调主句动作发生的时间,且在主句谓语动词动作之前发生。）

(2)All fights having been canceled , we decided to take the train.

=After  all flights had been cancalled , we decided to take the train.（强调主句动作发生的时间,且在主句谓语动词动作之前发生。）

=Because/As  all flights had been cancalled , we decided to take the train.（强调主句动作发生的原因，且在主句谓语动词动作之前发生。）