这是一个the more…the more…句式。前面可以看作是具有程度意义的条件状语从句,后面是主句。前面的the用作连词,意为“如果到达某个程度”;后面的the用作程度副词“达到那个程度”。张道真《英语语法大全》就谈到这个问题,书中将这种状语从句归于“依据状语从句”中的b类,表示“随着(……的程度)而……”。摘录如下(P.302):
The (= if to a certain degree) (用作连词) poorer he becomes, the (= to that degree) (用作副词) less friends he has.
The more he studied music, the less he could (or could he) understand it.
