By 1860, the settlement of the American West along with timber shortages inthe East converged with ever-widening impact on the pine forests of the Great Lakes states.请问老师，这句话的主谓宾是什么，怎么翻译？
...:It's impolite to speak when
you're eating.It was considerate of you to
whisper it to me in public.It is quite necessary to
react quickly to any emergency.这几句话为什么用 to speak?to reactto whisper？为什么不用ing形式？因为doing不是可以指一个事情么？ 那 speaking when
...
A： It is a good plan. But the safest course of action is deliver prematurely and remove the mass.B： By "Deliver prematurely", you mean terminate the pregnancy.A： Not necessarily, but yes. To save her life.B： If I place internal iliac artery balloon catheters, I can control most bleeding as ...
I think the reaction to the decision is going to be one of strong words from the region, but without much action taken.请问老师，but后面的介词和谁并列？难道是be without？
What stay with you isthe part of your education.这部分翻译，我和答案出现了重大分歧，我认为what指代的是the part of your education.翻译为 “大学教育的其中一部分”而答案认为what指代the part, 而your education指整你的个人生教育。
具体翻译...
Adam have to study harder inthe future and get used to being.这里being应该指的是have to study harder inthe
future 吧，可是为什么用being来替代有实义动词的成分呢呢。如果不是的话，being在这里是什么作用呢，请各位老师帮忙解答一下。
it’s可以由it is, it has, it was省略而来，至于 it is 与 it has 比较好区别。比如：It’s cold today. 今天很冷。(it’s = it is；因为这是系表结构，且有today)It’s arrived early today. 它今天到得很早。（it’s = it has；因为arrived是不及物动词）...
...两个句式，一个用不定式，一个用过去分词。比如：There is a week left. / There is a week to go.There is a month left. / There is a month to go.There are only three days left. / There are only three days to go.为什么一个要用不定式，而一个要用过去分词呢？这...
...除外部扰动。我翻译成：An adaptive law isintroduced to reduce the parameter uncertainty and a backstepping control is adopted to eliminate the external disturbance.这里我用and 来并列，感觉读起来不太舒服，有没有更好的方法。谢谢!