请教曹老师剑桥英语语法对sentence和clause的相关论述 - 柯帕斯英语网

2 请教曹老师剑桥英语语法对sentence和clause的相关论述

曹老师，剑桥英语语法第44-45页不是特别的懂，水平实在很有限。

To say that sentence[1i] has the form ofa clause is not to say that it consists ofa clause, as the term ‘consists of’ is used in constituent structure analysis of the type introduced in Ch. 1, §4.2. There is no basis for postulating any singulary branching here,with the clause functioning as head of the sentence. This is why our tree diagram for the example A bird hit the car had the topmost unit labelled ‘clause’, not ‘sentence’. ‘Sentence’ is not a syntactic category term comparable to ‘clause’, ‘noun phrase’, ‘verb phrase’, etc.,and does not figure in our constituent structure representations.

从这一段往后，剑桥英语语法给了一些反驳有些语法体系用Sentence而不用clause的结论。他下面给了2点。根本没特别懂。有点莫名其妙。请曹老师解释。

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分类：其他问题

最佳答案 2023-12-27 21:38

现代语法认为句子成分的分析是在分句（clause）的层次上进行的。一个分句由主语和谓语二部分组成。句子sentence是由clause构成的。该书给了三个例句：

i Jill seems quite friendly.

ii I think Jill seems quite friendly.

iii Jill seems quite friendly, but her husband is extremely shy.

这三个例句分别对应于传统语法的简单句、主从复合句和并列句。

单独的看第一句，我们说Jill seems quite friendly 是一个句子。但如果分析以上三个句子的构成时，我们会说Jill seems quite friendly在三个句子中都是clause，而不再是句子。

这就是这段话的意思。

Jill seems quite friendly, but her husband is extremely shy.

对于这个句子，有的语法书可能会认为二个简单句并列构成并列句。即把but前后的二个主谓结构都分析为句子。这就有悖于逻辑，即句子是由句子构成的。

另外，定语从句修饰一个名词，这个定语从句也只是一个clause，而不是sentence。你知道了这一点就行了。

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曹荣禄 -

擅长：动词用法,句法问题 | 采纳率 82% | 回答于 2023-12-27 19:53

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叶大统提出于 2023-12-27 16:28