分号的使用

请问老师,在英语中,分号可以连接一个短语和一个独立的句子吗?还是说,分号只能连接两个独立完整的句子?

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最佳答案 2020-01-19 14:24

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以下句子中分号代替连词语法功能。

(1)Everyone faces changes; different ones at different times.

(2)Everyone faces changes but different ones at different times.

(3)Everyone faces changes and different ones at different times.

每个人都会面临改变,只是不同的人会在不同的时间(面临改变)。

(1)We all handle the same challenges differently; we all have different results.

(2)We all handle the same challenges differently but we all have different results.

(3)We all handle the same challenges differently and we all have different results.

我们都会用不同的方法处理同样的挑战,但我们得到的结果会不尽相同。

第1个版本解答如下

分号主要用于以下几种情况

(1)分号用于连接两个关系紧密的句子。当两个或多个分句都是独立的主句(不是从句),而且它们之间没有并列连词如and, or, but, for, nor等连接时,就要考虑使用分号进行分离。
The difference is only very slight; I can hardly see it. 

差别实在太小了,我几乎看不出来。
I love you in that dress ; it really suits you. 

我喜欢你穿那件衣服,它对你再合适不过了。

备注:上面的两个例子中,如果将分号改成句号,语法上也是正确的,但使用分号后,则能显示两句之间有着紧密的关系。

(2)当第二个分句以某些过渡词如however, nevertheless, of course,for example, on the contrary, consequently, as a result 等开头适宜用分号。
Everyone knows he is guilty; of course, it will never be proved. 

所有人都知道他有罪;当然,这无法证明。
I missed the early plane; however, I still made the meeting. 

我错过了早班机,但我还是如期到会。

(3)当要表达一个系列,而且系列中的项本身又含有逗号,这时如果再使用逗号对系列中的各项进行分隔,就容易造成混淆,因此这时就适宜用分号。
The notice shall include the following information: your name, address and number of your account; details of the complaint or error; and any other information requested by us.
通知应当包括下列信息:您的姓名,地址以及您的账户号码; 投诉或者错误的详情;以及我们要求的任何其他信息。

(4)当要列出一系列事项,且各个事项的表达比较长,或各个事项的表达要用到句子时,则宜用分号隔开。
Our recommendations for cutting costs include the following: send some of your staff to work from home to save on the cost of office space; cut business trips that don't generate revenue; take advantage of discounts suppliers offer for paying invoices early; use energy-saving equipment such as energy-saving lamp.
我们削减成本的建议包括以下:让一些员工在家工作以作省办公场地的费用;减少不产生收益的商务旅行;利用折扣供应商提供早期付款发票;使用节能设备,如节能灯。

第2个版本解答如下

分号的用法归纳如下:

(1)把没有连词连接而意思上都有联系的句子连接起来 (可以用句号,但这时意思会被断开;也可用逗号,可能力量较弱不能把两句拉在一起;也可用冒号,但现在这样用时比过去少了):

It won’t last long; it’s too weak.

He is a clever fellow; even his enemy admits it.

I love you; I worship you; I want you.

He is content; he lives happily.

(2)把内部包含有逗号的两个句子连在一起 (这时不宜用逗号):

Dick is a generous, large-hearted person; but John, Mary and some of his friends are selfish people.

 (Cf. Dick is a generous man, but John is a selfish fellow.)

Alan ran his business carefully, methodically, and efficiently; and he was a great philanthropist, too.

He has three wives:one, who married him 20 years ago; a second, who was a rich widow; the third, who has already married five times.

(3)用在后面跟有逗号的连接副词之前:

He studies hard; moreover, he has to work for his living.

He has squandered all his wealth; therefore (或as a result), he has to beg his bread.

(4)用在两个并列从句或两个短语之间 (这时也可用逗号,但对比性较弱):

We know that country life is more quiet than city life; that it is more healthful; that it is happier.

To work eight hours; to sleep eight hours; to do other things eight hours—that is the best way for man.

That depends upon who do it; how they do it; and when.

(5)用在such as, that is这类词前:

We learn several subjects; such as (or e. g.) chemistry, and physics. (These are some of the subjects we learn.)

We learn several subjects; that is (or i. e. viz, to wit, namely), chemistry, physics, maths and biology.

 (These are all the subjects we learn.)

—在这种句子中也可用逗号或冒号代替分号:

We learn several subjects, namely chemistry, physics, and mathematics.

We learn several subjects:namely, chemistry, physics, and mathematics.

We learn several subjects, namely, chemistry, physics, and mathematics.

—但在下面这种句子中逗号、冒号或分号都不需要:

We learn such subjects as chemistry and physics. 




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  • huanhuan 提出于 2019-04-04 20:29

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