定语从句中关系代词which的省略

It was comforting to suppose that the stream of life would flow on through time in whatever course God had given it - without interference by one of the drops in that stream -man. "  

1、whatever course God (which)had given it这个which不在从句中作宾语,为什么省略?

2、by使用什么工具的意思还是被动的意思?



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最佳答案 2018-06-12 07:14

It was comforting to suppose that the stream of life would flow on through time in whatever course God had given it - without interference by one of the drops in that stream -man. "  

1 这个句子中并没有传统语法中的定语从句。in whatever course God had given it是个介词短语,介词in后接whatever引导的名词从句作宾语。在这个名词从句中,God为主语,had given为双宾语及物动词,it为间接宾语,whatever couse为直接宾语。因为引导从句,关联词至于从句之首,whatever为限定词,故其限定的名词也同时前置。在传统语法的分析中,这里没有定语从句。God had given it是名词从句的主谓宾结构,直接宾语因为引导名词性从句而前置了。在解释这个名词从句时,我们可以说,whatever+名词=any +名词+that. 即这个介词短语可以改写为in any course that God had given it. 即这个名词从句实际上相当于一个名词词组后接限制性定语从句。注意是相当于,而不是实际是。

现代语法将这种名词性从句称为名词性关系分句,whatever为融合型关系限定词,相当于限定词any + 关系代词that。即whatever本身隐含了关系代词在内,这就是为什么从句不能再加关系代词。只有将whatever用any替换时,才可以使用关系代词that引导定语从句(现代语法叫关系分句)。

2 by在这里表示施事者,interferance为被动意义。interferance by man:受人类的干扰。

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  • 尉东 提出于 2018-06-11 16:02

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