(1)非谓语的被动语态，非谓语里的动词是及物动词吗，是与修饰词有动关系（被动关系）吗？

The doctor recommended the room to be aired. air是及物吗？

结构为:recommend sth to be done 属于不定式被动式作宾语补足语。意思：建议...被做。

解答如下：

air 为及物动词，意思 air  vt.  使房间通风， 透气

One day a week her mother systematically cleaned and aired each room.  

她母亲按部就班地每周一次清扫所有的房间并开窗通风。

(2)动词不定式，不用于条件状语从句吗？

解答如下：

不定式属于非谓语动词其中一种，在句中可以作状语，主语，宾语，定语，同位语，补足语,以及句子独立成分，当然不定式也可以出现在条件状语从句中。

If you wantto go with us, you can go with us.

(3)He is hard to convince.这种结构如何理解？

A:He is hard to convince.(他很难说服。）

B:He is hard for us to convince .(我们很难说服他）

解答如下：

以上属于：主语+系动词+adj. for sb+ to do sth结构,用主动表示被动含义，因为不定式逻辑主语为for sb 属于动作执行者，因此用主动余条表达。

She is very hard (for us) to get along with.

(备注：for us为不定式逻辑主语，主语she为不定式逻辑宾语。）

The question is hard (for me) to answer.

(备注：for me为不定式逻辑主语，主语the question为不定式逻辑宾语。）

所有的被动语态(非谓语的被动式)都有动宾关系吗，动词是及物动词吗？

继续跟踪回答如下：

(1)必须存在有逻辑上动宾关系，必须是及物动词， 只有及物动词后面才能接宾语，也才会有被动语态。

例如：

The boss wants the work to be finished in two days.

宾语：the work

宾补：to be finished

(宾语the work为宾补动作finish动作的承受者，它们存在一种逻辑上“动宾关系”finish为及物动词，因此需要使用不定式被动式结构作宾补。）

(wants为谓语动词作谓语； to be finished为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，简称宾补)

 不定式(to do)在句中作5种不同状语结构专题语法讲解如下

【1】不定式to do用作目的状语：不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动作的目的。

To avoid any delay， please phone your order direct.

为免延误, 请直接打电话预订。

To keep themselves awake， they sat on the floor and told each other stories.

为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。

To trace the origins of the Irish problem, we have to go back over three hundred years.

要探讨爱尔兰问题的起因就要追溯到三百多年以前。

Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.

为了抢救困在屋里的人，消防人员不得不破门而入。

To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best    

【2】用作结果状语：不定式用作结果状语表示一种意料之外的结果，其位置通常放在句末，一般不放在句首。

He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 

他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。

He woke (up) to find himself alone in the house. 

他一觉醒来发现房子里只剩下他一个人了。

【3】不定式(to do)用作原因状语：不定式用作原因状语的情形主要用于某些“be+形容词+不定式”结构。（表示喜怒哀乐glad, sad, happy, sorry, pleased, ready, surprised)

(disappointed, delighted, shocked, excited, amazed)

He was glad to be home again. 

他又回到家里，感到很高兴。

We’re proud to be young people of China. 

作为中国青年我们感到自豪。

She wept to see him in such a terrible state. 

她看到他这种可怕的样子就哭了。

【4】不定式（to do)用作条件状语不定式用作条件状语也有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。

You would make a great mistake to accept his offer. 

你要是接受他的建议，你就犯了大错误。

To look at him you’d never think he was a successful businessman. 

若看他的外貌，谁也想不到他是个事业有成的商人。

To hear her talk, you’d think she was made of money. 

听她谈话的口气，你会觉得她浑身都是钱。

（备注：这类不定式通常可用if从句来改写。）

To order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit.= If you want to order a vehicle, you have to pay a deposit. 

要想订购一辆汽车，你必须交付押金。

To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.=If you want to get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.

如果你想上大学，就必须通过一系列考试。

To join the club you have to be put up by an existing member.= If you want to join the club you have to be put up by an existing member. 

要想加入俱乐部必须有一位会员做介绍人。

【5】不定式(to do)用作方式状语：不定式用作方式状语的情形比较少见，主要用于as if to do sth这类结构。

He opened his mouth as if to say something. 

他张开嘴，好像要说什么

She lifts his hand as if to lead him somewhere. 

她牵起他的手，像要把他带到某个地方去。

Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 

那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容，转身向我，似乎想对我说话。

Steve opened his mouth as if to speak, but stopped talking even before he had started. 

史蒂夫张开口仿佛要说话，但是还没有说出口又停住了。

为什么非谓语动词还有被动语态，像不定式: These are the  books to be distributed among the students. 主句仍然是主动，不定式作定语吧！整句是主动结构，被动意义这样理解吗？

解答：to be distributed 为不定式被动式作后置定语修饰前面名词“需要被分发/分配的书籍”

继续跟踪回答如下

(1)非谓语动词和谓语动词区别如下

A:不同点为

(1)谓语动词在句中只可以充当谓语这1个句子成分，不能充当句子任何其他成分。

(2)非谓语动词：除了不能充当句子谓语成分之外，可以充当句子任何其他成分(作主语，宾语，表语，定语，同位语，宾补，独立成分，插入成分）

B:相同点：

(1)谓语动词和非谓语动词都有主动语态和被动语态

Many people in many countries speak English.

English is spoken in many countries.

(2)谓语动词和非谓语动词都可以只带宾语和状语成分

He speaks English very quickly.

She walks slowly.

Everyone wants to get the first prize easily.

Nobody wants to be defeated ruthlessly.