decarbonize的构词解析

在本站看到一个“请分析decarbonize的构词逻辑”的问题：

https://www.cpsenglish.com/question/64484

由于这是来自高考真题的一个句子，解析一下decarbonize的构词知识，可能对准备参考高考的同学有所帮助，于是写了这篇短文。

decarbonize 是由前缀de-+课标单词carbon+后缀-ize构成的动词。本文结合历年高考英语真题，从“前缀de-”“后缀-ize”以及“课标单词carbon”三个维度为同学们做一个分析和梳理，希望对大家的复习备考有所启发和帮助。【文中例词和例句根据作者的历年(1977-2025)真题大数据系统检索而来】

1.前缀de-

(1)基本用法

前缀de-可与动词、名词、形容词连用，表示多种意思：

①表示否定或相反；

②表示除去或去掉；

③表示降低或减少。

(2)典型例词

由课标单词（或课标单词派生词）加前缀de-构成的常用单词：

deactivate vt.使无效；使停止工作

debone vt.将……去骨

deforest vt.砍掉或毁掉……森林

defrost vt.给……除霜

demotivate vt.使失去动力，使泄气

deregister vt.撤销注册，注销

devalue vt.使贬值

……

(3)真题例句

以下例句根据历年(1977-2025)真题大数据系统检索而来：

●devalue：It devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges. (2008福建卷)

●demotivate：I’ve been motivated—and demotivated —by other folks’ achievements all my life. (2024新课标卷1)

●deregister：If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your place will be given to someone on the waiting list. (2022北京卷)

2.课标词carbon

(1)真题中的搭配

carbon 的意思是“碳”，这是一个课标单词，在高考中出现过的常见搭配有：

carbon dioxide二氧化碳

carbon emission 碳排放

carbon pollution 碳污染

carbon footprint 碳足迹

carbon fiber 碳纤维

(2)相关真题例句

以下例句根据历年(1977-2025)真题大数据系统检索而来：

●carbon dioxide：So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution. (2022全国卷1)

●carbon emissions：Replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80%. (2018北京卷)

●carbon pollution：But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. (2017江苏卷)

●carbon footprint：The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. (2017浙江卷1)

●carbon fibers：They’re even exploring combining it with other materials, like carbon fibers, to give it new properties. (2012湖南卷)

(3)相关复合形容词：

low-carbon adj.低碳的

carbon-based adj.碳基的（以碳为基础的）

以下例句根据历年(1977-2025)真题大数据系统检索而来：

●low-carbon：China is the leader of the low- carbon market. (2011广东卷)

●carbon-based：Supporters think that the expan- sion of wind power is more rapid than that of carbon-based power.(2014福建卷)

用作复合形容词的 low-carbon 有时可以省略连字符。如：

low carbon campus (2024天津卷2)

有的人认为上面的用法是排版漏了连字符，但其实词典上也有类似用法。如下面一句摘自《牛津高阶》：

How do we move to a low carbon economy?

3.后缀-ize

(1)基本用法

后缀-ize主要用于加在名词或形容词后构成动词，有多种用法：

①表示“使成为……状态”“使……化”“使像……”；

②表示“以…方式说（或想、行动、对待等）”；

③表示“放在……里”“置于……中”；等等。

(2)典型例词

由课标单词(或课标单词派生词)加后缀-ize构成的常用单词：

Americanize vt.使美国化

apologize v.(向……)道歉

civilize v.教化；开化；使文明；使有教养

computerize vt.使计算机化；使电脑化

criticize v.批评

customize vt.定制；使用户化

emphasize vt.强调

energize vt.使增强决心，使充满活力

hospitalize vt.送(某人)入院治疗

memorize vt.记住

modernize v.(使)现代化

personalize vt.使个性化，使适合个人

popularize vt.使普及；推广

privatize vt.私有化

realize v.(使)成为现实；实现

summarize v.总结；概括；概述

sympathize v.同情；支持

theorize v.从理论上说明；理论化

(3)真题例句

以下例句根据历年(1977-2025)真题大数据系统检索而来(有些动词的相关派生词可能再次派生成了名词，或其过去分词转化成了形容词)：

●Americanize：It was Americanized for convenience to “Sue.” (2014 江苏卷)

●apologize：Why does the man apologize?(2023新课标卷2)

●civilize：The Civilized and the Uncivilized (2020江苏卷)

●computerize：Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? (2005浙江卷)

●criticize：It is criticized by top chefs. (2025全国卷2)

●customize：To customize dishes for guests. (2025全国卷2)

●industrialize：Laupepa expressed dissatisfac- tion with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. (2005全国卷2)

●organize：Explorers Camp organizes engaging arts, history and science-related activities in every class, and focuses on a range of topics that emphasize active learning, exploration and, most of all, fun! (2023浙江卷1)

●energize：How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? — Energized.(2025北京卷)

●hospitalize：When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. (2004全国卷3)

●memorize：She memorized the poem sooner than others. (2024天津卷2)

●modernization：Russia's public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. (2024全国卷)

●personalize：Before searching for a job on Handshake, you need to personalize your profile. (2023天津卷1)

●popularize：Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style. (2025浙江卷1)

●realize：I realized it was me who was at fault. (2025全国卷1)

●summarize：Summarize her studies.(2024全国卷)

●sympathize：Sympathize with the speaker.(2021浙江卷I)

●sympathize：I sympathized immediately.(2023新课标卷1)

●theorize：Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. (2021北京卷)

4. 课后作业

你能猜出下面这个单词的意思吗？——它们都在“课标词汇”的基础上通过添加前缀de-和后缀-ize变化来而来的。

(1) decentralize (de-central-ize)

(2) dehumanize (de-human-ize)

(3) demoralize (de-moral-ize)

(4) denationalize (de-national-ize)

(5) depersonalize (de-personal-ize)

(6) deplasticize (de-plastic-ize)

(7) depoliticize (de-politic-ize)

●参考答案：

(1) 去中心化；(使)权力分散

(2) 使失去人性；使非人化

(3) 使士气低落；使泄气(原来可表示“使堕落”)

(4) 使非国有化；私有化

(5) 使非个人化；消除个性特征

(6) 去除塑料；脱塑

(7) 使非政治化；去除政治色彩