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问题 代词it可以代替动词或动词短语吗

...替名词或代词（以及相当于名词或代词的词）。He banded the box before mailing it. 邮寄前他把盒子用带子捆扎好。Leave that vase alone or you’ll break it. 不要动那个花瓶，要不你会把它打了的。This matter is finished, so please don’t refer to it. ...

问题 为什么against time是副词短语而不是介词短语

It was a real race ______ time to get the project done. Luckily,we made it. A. over B. by C. for D. against 答案给出的解释是against是副词短语，为什么不是介词短语啊?感谢老师的回答！

问题 主语为动名词的句子改为一般疑问句时是否采用形式主语it

例如：Setting the matter is our prime objective. 如果这个句子采用一般疑问句结构，必须采用形式主语吗？

问题 to communicating with others在这里是做什么成分

The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating with others.这句中的to communicating with others是做什么成分？我把它理解为目的状语对吗？to coummunicating能否用不定式的形式即to coummunicate来代替呢

问题 这里的it是指前面整句话还是名次problem呢

Heavy schoolbags have been a serious problem for a long time. But the e-schoolbag will work it out.这里的it是指前面这句话吧，长时间都是严重的问题。

问题 为什么 everybody后面不能用 his or her 来指代

PEU第三版有这样一句：When everybody had finished eating, the waiters took away their plates. 每个人都吃完了以后，服务员就把他们的盘子拿走了。(不能说：…his or her plate.)

问题 appeal的用法问题

They can resist appeals to their dearest prejudices and all kinds of compliments.这里的appeals答案翻译是打动启发的意思 可我觉得这个解释很牵强 查了一下柯林斯appeal作名词并没有这个意思 请老师解答, 谢谢!

问题 独立主格结构的习惯用法

有些分词短语可以独立存在，那这些分词短语后面加什么呢？比如：judging from, talking of, considering/given, regarding, providing/provided/supposing, including, seeing that, 这些后面是都可以加从句或是短语吗？

问题 独立主格结构的用法

He is excited with so many places of interest to visit. 这里的to visit是做定语吗？这里的with是短语中的介词还是独立主格的标志词，怎么判断？独立主格中的非谓语都做定语吗？

问题 有介词+ as的定语从句吗？

Don't talk about such things of which you are not sure.这个应该就是介词加which吧？

问题 describe...against的用法

求翻译!They describe progress against "Plan A", a set of worthy targets. 这里为什么要说 describe progress against "Plan A"？ 为什么要用against这一词，而且要如何翻译？

问题 动名词复合结构

请问老师这个looking at them在这里是做什么成分？有点分不清到底是“动名词复合结构”还是“现在分词短语”修饰us，这个到底是要怎么区分，有点混乱They are sending pictures of us looking at them.  

问题 could 表示推测用法的疑问

想请教一下：Many apples fell every day. Everyone /Someone could be hurt because of these apples.这里的could是表示推测吗，翻译成“可能”？

问题 drive是动词用作动词和用作名词的意思区别

It's a four-hour flight form phoenix to seattle, another hour in a small plane up to Port Angeles,and then an hour drive back down to Forks.感觉上a four-hour flight、another hour、an hour drive是三个并列的表语，有迷惑性的是an hour drive back down to Forks的drive是动词往...

问题 than从句省略主语的补写（than was thought等）

In fact, more people are trying to come back from abroad than was thought.Actual deaths are fewer than has been suggested.More information was collected than necessary.请问这句中的 than was thought, than has been suggested, than necessary 如何补写？是要使用形式主语吗？