4 with复合结构中不定式用主动式与被动式的比较

(1) She was sad with so little money to spend.

(2) She was sad with so much money to be spent.

为什么一个不定式用主动式,另一个用被动式?求分析。谢谢!

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2 个回答

千千学堂   - 英语图书编辑
擅长:英语

我谈谈我的个人看法,不妥之处请大家指正!

我觉得网友的两个句子都是对的,但虽然它们形式上高度相似,但结构和含义都有所不同。

(1) She was sad with so little money to spend.——并非with复合结构

分析:句中的不定式 to spend 是定语,修饰 money,意思是“可花的钱”(她因为可花的钱很少而感到伤心)。由于名词 so little money 与不定式 to spend 不具备主谓关系(其实是动宾关系),所以它不是所谓的复合结构(本句中不定式的逻辑主语其实是句子主语)。

句意:她很伤心,因为她没什么钱可花。(“花钱”的人是句子主语“她”)

(2) She was sad with so much money to be spent.——属于with复合结构

分析:句中的不定式to be spent为被动式,其逻辑主语是它前面的名词 so much money(而非句子主语),字面意思是“这么多钱要被花掉”,由于名词 so much money 与不定式 to be spent 具备主谓关系,所以它才是我们通常所说的 with 复合结构。

句意:她很伤心,因为要花掉这么多钱。(“花钱”的人不是句子主语“她”)

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好题  
擅长:英语

一般来说,不定式主动形式和被动形式有时是可以互换的。但当句子主语是人称而且也是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式通常用主动形式。请看《朗文英语语法》第1635-36节的解释:

attachments-2022-04-9D7qMtXb625aa7708f838.png

因此你的第一句的用法多见,第二句的用法比较罕见。

再提供几个图书语料库例句供你参考:

1. Normally, I would be left with little money to spend on food and other expenses!

2. A housewife, when she goes in the market with so much money to spend, has her own desires and her husband's desires as far as meat is concerned.

3. Birthdays had become makeshift affairs with little money to be spent on extras, even if you could find them in the shops.

4. With so much money to be spent on this equipment, about a dozen manufacturers are squaring off for a cut-throat marketing battle.

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  • 胡海婷   提出于 2022-04-16 16:53